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As of 2013, roughly 3,106 living and fossil termite species are recognised, classified in 12 families. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and household groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species are restricted to mild tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all ecological groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three ecological groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The largest of all extant termites are the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not own a set of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes that they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

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Consistent with insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 There are ten tergites, of which nine are wide and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like those in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the sperm is either immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly like that in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a short amount of time, so they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have larger and heavier legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species that scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in many termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.

Caste method of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Infection F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the most labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and description nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.